Outside+elements.


 * Do these authors tell us something about Holden?
 * The title of the novel is taken from a poem. Why? What is the significance of the poem?

Out of Africa; Isak Dinesen's autobiographical novel, //Out of Africa//, is a book about the years that she spent on a coffee plantation in Africa. The book was published in 1937, Her book was very popular in Britain and America. The book was made into a film in 1985 and won an Oscar for best picture.After the death of the author the interest in the book made it stay a best seller. The book, //Out of Africa// is like a diary of all her thoughts and observations of the Africa landscape and people in East Africa that she had met there. It's her experience of the coffee plant and all the people and different culture there is in East Africa. Isak Dinesen became engaged to her cousin and they moved to Kenya and opened a Coffee plant and hired local Africans, she went through a lot of emotionally hard times there; the divorce of her husband and her and the failure of her coffee company, she was forced to abandon her farm and returned to Denmark for the rest of her life.

Of Human Bondage; Of Human Bondage is the story of a young man's struggle to find the meaning of life in a world that is cruel. Philip Carey has a club foot, making him the subject of cruelty at school and ridicule in the adult world. Philip allows this treatment to warp his personality, making him introspective and solitary Due to this, Philip suffers greatly in silence, aching only to find someone to love him without condition It is a desire that is universal, making this novel one that readers of all ages will identify with. Philip Carey is only five when his mother dies. Philip is taken to live with an aunt and uncle who are not used to children and do not know how to deal with him. Philip's uncle is self centered as strict, while Philip's aunt is unaccustomed to giving or receiving unconditional love.

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Emily Dickinson; Emily Dickinson is now considered a powerful and persistent figure in American culture Although much of the early reception concentrated on Dickinson's eccentric and secluded nature, she has become widely acknowledged as an innovative, pre-modernist poet. As early as 1891, William Dean Howells wrote that "If nothing else had come out of our life but this strange poetry, we should feel that in the work of Emily Dickinson, America, or New England rather, had made a distinctive addition to the literature of the world, and could not be left out of any record of it.Twentieth-century critic Harold Bloom has placed her alongside [|Walt Whitman], [|Wallace Stevens], [|Robert Frost], [|T. S. Eliot], and Hart Crane as a major American poet. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) was an American writer, who lived during the time of the Civil War and Walt Whitman. She was a poet and a recluse, so she was not well-known during her lifetime. In her upstairs room, she created some of the most memorable poetry of her age. These books discuss her life, her loves, and her relationship with words.

Ring Lardner; Ring Lardner is one of Holden's favorite authors. Holden got a book from his brother written by Ring Lardner.

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"My brother gave me a book by Ring Lardner for my birthday, just before I went to Pencey. It had these very funny, crazy plays in it." Because D.B. Holden's brother gave him the book it has more meaning to it and now that D.B. is dead it reminds Holden of him.====== In 1913, Lardner provided lyrics for "That Old Quartet" for composer Nathaniel D. Mann. In 1916, Lardner published his first successful book, //You Know Me Al//, an epistolary novel written in the form of letters by "Jack Keefe", a bush-league baseball player, to a friend back home. The letters made heavy use of the fictional author's idiosyncratic vernacular. It had initially been published as six separate but interrelated short stories in //The Saturday Evening Post//, leading some to classify the book as a collection of stories; others have classified it as a novel. Like most of Lardner's stories, //You Know Me Al// employed satire, in this case to show the stupidity and avarice of a certain type of athlete. "Ring Lardner thought of himself as primarily a sports columnist whose stuff wasn't destined to last, and he held to that absurd belief even after his first masterpiece,

The Great Gatsby; [] media type="youtube" key="K-Q2sBrFEME" width="368" height="298"

Nick Carraway, the narrator, is a young bachelor from a patrician Midwestern family, who graduates from Yale in 1915. After fighting in World War I, he returns to the Midwest before settling in New York City to "learn the bond business." Despite his wealthy upbringing, Nick lives very modestly. One day Tom and Nick take a train ride together to New York and on the way they stop at a shabby garage owned by George Wilson, where Nick is introduced to the owner's wife, Myrtle (Tom's mistress). Nick accompanies Tom and Myrtle to their Manhattan love-nest, where Myrtle presides over a pretentious party that includes her sister and several others. Nick learns that Tom and Myrtle began their affair following a chance encounter on a train. Though he finds the evening increasingly unbearable, he does not leave until Tom slaps Myrtle for speaking Daisy's name, which breaks her nose. Jordan Baker later reveals to Nick that Gatsby had fallen in love with Daisy in 1917 as an Army [|Lieutenant] stationed near Daisy's hometown, [|Louisville]. After the war, Gatsby came east and bought his mansion near Daisy and Tom, where he hosts parties hoping she will visit. Jordan says Gatsby would like Nick to arrange a meeting with Daisy. Nick agrees, and invites Daisy and Gatsby to his house. The reunion is initially awkward, but Gatsby and Daisy begin a love affair. An affair also begins for Nick and Jordan, but Nick predicts their relationship will be superficial. Nick severs connections with Jordan (who claims to be engaged to another man, although Nick believes she is lying). Also, Nick has a run-in with Tom, who admits that he revealed that Gatsby was the owner of the roadster to George Wilson, leading the deranged man to find and kill Gatsby. Disgusted with Tom and Daisy, Nick returns permanently to the Midwest, reflecting on Gatsby's dreams and the sad and cyclical nature of the past.